ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is a complex disorder in reproductive age women which consist of stromal and epithelial cells implantation outside the uterine cavity. Adiponectin is a member of cytokine family with various metabolic roles and proliferation inhibition of many cancer cells. The aim of the present research was to determine adiponectin effect on human endometriotic stromal cells [ESCs] proliferation and their expression of adiponectin receptors
Methods: In this experimental study, endometrial biopsies [n=7] were taken. ESCs isolation was done by enzymatic digestion and cell filtrations. ESCs of each biopsy were divided into four groups: 0 [control], 10, 100, and 200 ng/ml adiponectin concentrations in three different times [24, 48, or 72 h]. The effect of adiponectin on ESC viability and expression of mRNA Adipo receptorl [Rl] and Adipo receptor2 [R2] was determined by Trypan blue staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and unpaired student's t-test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: Adiponectin inhibited human endometriotic stromal cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners significantly [P=0.001]. Expression of AdipoRl and AdipoR2 gene receptors was increased in human ESCs significantly [P<0.05]. Adiponectin can suppress endometriosis by inhibiting ESC proliferation and increased AdipoRl and AdipoR2 expression
ABSTRACT
Aflatoxins are fungal toxins that have carcinogenic, cellular mutations and malformation effects. Aflatoxin M[1] resists pasteurization, autoclave and the other methods that make foodstuff healthy. This study aims to determine the contents of aflatoxin M[1] in raw milk of milk factories in Kermanshah province. This research is carried out through the descriptive-cross sectional method. Among the raw milk received by four pasteurized milk factories in Kermanshah, coded by [A, B, C, D] labels, six samples, totally 320 samples [80 samples from each factory], were taken within four seasons. The concentration of aflatoxin M[1] was examined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA]. The mean difference was analyzed statistically through t-test using SPSS software. The content of aflatoxin was higher than Codex standard [0.5 micro g/l] in 295 samples. The total mean was 1.21, which exceeds two times the Codex standard. The highest and lowest contents of aflatoxin M[1] were observed in "Factory D" in spring and in "Factory A" in autumn, respectively. There was a significant difference between contamination of aflatoxin M[1] and different seasons [p< 0.05]. High content of aflatoxin M[1] in raw milk is worrying. Measuring the content of aflatoxin M[1] is essential to reduce the toxin entering the daily food of animals and the other related factors. The considerable difference of aflatoxin M[1] content between Factory D and Factory A can be attributed to the amount of the local milk and the industrial milk received by the factories